ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: Diabetes mellitus (insulin and glucagon actions)

1.      What of the following is TRUE about insulin (check all that apply)

a)      Is hormone produced in the stomach to help digest starch

b)     Is a digestive enzyme

c)      Is produced in the exocrine pancreas

d)     Is produced in the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas

e)      Contributes to increase the blood sugar levels

f)       Is called “stress hormone”

g)      All of the patients with Diabetes Mellitus have deficit of insulin

2.      What of the following is TRUE about glucagon (check all that apply)

a)      Is a digestive enzyme produced in the pancreas

b)     Is a hormone produced in the endocrine pancreas

c)      Contributes to increase the blood sugar levels

d)     Lack of this hormone produces a disease called Diabetes Mellitus

e)      Excess glucagon leads to hypoglycemia

f)       Many patients need to receive daily injections to regulate blood sugar levels

3.      Diabetes mellitus type 1 is characterized by

a)      Low levels of sugar in urine

b)     Low levels of sugar in the blood

c)      Risk of infections and ketoacidosis

d)     Deficit of glucagon

e)      Late onset

4.      Diabetes mellitus type 2

a)      Is also called diabetes insipidus

b)     Is characterized by absence of insulin in blood

c)      Is very commonly found in children  

d)     Is treated always with insulin

e)      Increases the risk of infections, cancer and kidney problems

5.      To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis

a)      Glucagon-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise.

b)     The pancreas will release insulin and glucagon together in order to offset a rise in plasma glucose.

c)      Insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise.

d)     The hypothalamus releases glucose reducing releasing hormone (GRRH) which stimulates the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal glands.  



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