ADH and the collecting duct

1.      ADH function is the __________ of water by acting  on the ____________ of the kidney nephron

a)      Retention; collecting ducts

b)     Retention; loop of Henle

c)      Elimination; collecting duct

d)     Elimination; loop of Henle

e)      Retention; proximal convoluted tubule

f)       Elimination; proximal convoluted tubule

2.      Another name for ADH is

a)      Vasopressin

b)     Atrial natriuretic peptide

c)      Anti-disease hormone

d)     Adrenalin

3.      ADH is a hormone produced in the

a)      Anterior pituitary

b)     Posterior pituitary

c)      Hypothalamus

d)     Thyroid gland

e)      Pancreas

f)       Adrenal glands

4.      ADH is stored and released from the

a)      Posterior pituitary

b)     Anterior pituitary

c)      Hypothalamus

d)     Pancreas

e)      Thymus

5.      ADH is a steroid hormone

a)      True

b)     False

Regions of the large intestine in order.

1.      Label in order the colonic structures

a)      _____ transverse colon

b)     _____ sigmoid colon

c)      __1__ cecum

d)     _____ descending colon

e)      _____ ascending colon

f)       _____ rectum

g)      _____ splenic flexure

h)     _____ hepatic flexure

i)        _____ anal canal  

2.      A 70-year-old white male presents to his primary care physician with a complaint of rectal bleeding. He describes blood mixed in with the stool, which is associated with a change in his normal bowel habit such that he is going more frequently than normal. He has also experienced some crampy left-sided abdominal pain and weight loss. He has previously been fit and well and there was no family history of GI disease. Examination of his abdomen and digital rectal examination are normal.

What of the following diagnostic tests will be useful in further examining this patient?

a)      Chest X rays

b)     Colonoscopy

c)      Fecal occult blood test

d)     CBC 

Localization of the liver, bile tree (ducts)

1.      The common hepatic duct is the junction of...

a)      The cystic duct and the pancreatic duct

b)     The right and left hepatic ducts

c)      The right hepatic duct and the cystic duct

d)     The esophagus and the cystic duct

2.      The liver is

a)      Inferior to the diaphragm

b)     Superior to the diaphragm

c)      In the thoracic cavity

d)     Inferior to the duodenum

e)      To the left of the stomach

3.      The common bile duct joins the _______________  duct to form the hepatopancreatic duct

a)      Cystic

b)     Pancreatic

c)      Lachrymal

d)     Hepatic

4.      A tumor compressing the head of the pancreas will produce

a)      Jaundice

b)     Steatorrhea

c)      Vitamin A deficiency

d)     Vitamin K deficiency

e)      All of the above 

Localization of the appendix and medical term (appendectomy)

                   1.   Where is the appendix located in the body?

a)      Right lower quadrant of the abdomen

b)     Thoracic cavity

c)      Right upper quadrant of the abdomen

d)     Epigastric region

e)      Hypogastric region

2.      Appendicitis is usually but not always treated by performing an

a)      Appendectomy

b)     Appendostomy

c)      Appendotomy

d)     Appendix transplant

3.      Left untreated, the bacteria-laden fecal matter spreads throughout the abdominal cavity, where the bacteria begin to digest the ______________ that lines the cavity.

a)      Pleura

b)     Pericardium

c)      Meninges

d)     Peritoneum

4.      Explain the difference between a laparoscopy and a laparotomy. 

Functions of CCK and secretin

1.      Acidic (high H⁺ level) chyme that enters the small intestine stimulates secretion of ______________by enteroendocrine S cells in the mucosa of the duodenum.

a)      Insulin

b)     Secretin

c)      Cholecystokinin

d)     Blood

e)      Acid 

2.      The major effects of ___________: Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice and bile that are rich in HCO3 (bicarbonate ions).

a)      Gastrin

b)     Cholecystokinin

c)      Secretin

d)     Pepsin

e)      Somatostatin

3.      Partially digested proteins (amino acids), triglycerides, and fatty acids that enter the small intestine stimulate secretion of ____________________

a)      Cholecystokinin

b)     Insulin

c)      Secretin

d)     Pepsin

4.      Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes, causes ejection of bile from the gallbladder and opening of the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla (sphincter of Oddi), and induces satiety (feeling full to satisfaction).

a)      Thyroid hormone

b)     Secretin

c)      Cholecystokinin

d)     Insulin

5.      Secretin and cholecystokinin are two regulatory hormones produced by

a)      The pancreas

b)     The small intestine

c)      The adrenal glands

d)     The pituitary gland

e)      The thymus 

Function of the sphincters and valves found in the GIT

1.      Match the following

a)   Upper esophageal sphincter

b)   Lower Esophageal Sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

c)   Pyloric sphincter

d)   Ileocecal valve

e)   Internal anal sphincter

f)   External anal sphincter

____ separates small intestine and large intestine

____ separates esophagus and stomach

____ separates stomach and small intestine

____ skeletal muscle that controls outflow of stool

____ smooth muscle that controls outflow of stool

____ separates pharynx and esophagus

2.      Ring like valves which close off the tube like drawstrings, regulating the passage of material between chambers of the digestive canal.

a)      Peristalsis

b)     Rugae

c)      Mesenteries

d)     Sphincters

e)      Tendons

3.      The _________ sphincter is always tight, except when stool enters the rectum. It keeps us continent when we are asleep or otherwise unaware of the presence of stool. When we get an urge to go to the bathroom, we rely on our __________ sphincter to hold the stool until reaching a toilet, where it then relaxes to release the contents.

a)      Internal; external

b)     External; internal 

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Gastric secretions and function of each

1.      Parietal cells in the lining of the stomach secrete

a)      Hydrochloric acid only

b)     Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

c)      Pepsinogen

d)     Pepsin

e)      Intrinsic factor only

f)       Vitamin B12

g)      Bile

2.      What of the following stimulates acid secretion in the stomach

a)      Histamine

b)     Acetylcholine

c)      Gastrin

d)     All of them

3.      Intrinsic factor is produced in the ___________ and is necessary for the absorption of ___________.

a)      Duodenum; fat

b)     Liver; amino acids

c)      Stomach; proteins

d)     Stomach; vitamin C

e)      Liver; vitamin B12

f)       Stomach; vitamin B12

g)      Pancreas; vitamin C

h)     Salivary glands; starch

4.      The presence of amino acids, the stomach distension and the vagal stimulation induce Gastrin secretion which in turn increases the gastric acid secretion.

a)      True

b)     False

5.      Pepsinogen is an enzyme that breaks down (digests) proteins

a)      True

b)     False

6.      Sympathetic stimulation___________ the gastric secretions

a)      Increases

b)     Decreases

c)      Has no effect on

7.      Chief cells in the gastric mucosa secrete

a)      Hydrochloric acid

b)     Pepsinogen

c)      Pepsin

d)     Water

e)      Intrinsic factor

f)       Mucus